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Colorado EnviroScreen 2.0 - About the methods and data

About the methods and data

Colorado EnviroScreen helps identify areas in the state facing higher environmental and health burdens by analyzing various data. Below are the five main categories of data:

Environmental exposures: This category includes factors like air pollution, drinking water quality, and noise. Direct exposure to these pollutants can harm human health.

Environmental effects: These indicators reflect indirect risks like living near hazardous waste facilities or polluted rivers. While people might not be directly exposed, these environmental issues can still impact community health and well-being in the long term.

Climate vulnerability: This component examines vulnerabilities related to climate change, such as droughts, extreme heat, floods, and wildfires. These factors measure an area's vulnerability to climate-related hazards.

Sensitive populations (Health indicators): This category focuses on groups more vulnerable to potential health problems. It includes health indicators like asthma hospitalization rates, cancer prevalence, and life expectancy. These measures help identify populations that may be more affected by environmental stressors.

Demographics: Social and economic factors, like income, education, and linguistic isolation, can make some communities more vulnerable to environmental risks. This category highlights these social vulnerabilities, affecting how well communities respond to environmental challenges.

For more detailed information on how we process and calculate the Colorado EnviroScreen score, you can view the complete [Colorado EnviroScreen Technical Documentation]. You can also explore the [Data Processing Code Base] and view all [Input Datasets] used to develop Colorado EnviroScreen 2.0.

Methods

The tool uses percentile ranking to compare data types, such as pollution levels and health data. This method scales the data to rank each indicator relative to others. For example, areas with higher levels of pollution or higher rates of asthma will receive higher percentile scores.

The data used in this tool come from several authoritative sources at the federal and state level. Colorado state agencies and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency provide the environmental data through tools like EJScreen and the Community Multiscale Air Quality model. Health and demographic data come from CDPHE, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey.

Category

Indicator

Description

Data source

Environmental exposures

Ozone

Air pollutant that harms respiratory health, cardiovascular system, and plant life.

2021 Community Multiscale Air Quality model data.

Environmental exposures

Air toxics emissions

Measures of toxic air pollutants contributing to health risks.

Air Pollutant Emission Notices, 2019-2023, Colorado Air Pollution Control Division.

Environmental exposures

Diesel particulate matter (PM)

Particulate emissions from diesel engines are harmful to respiratory and cardiovascular systems.

Via U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) EJScreen, July 2024 update; EPA Hazardous Air Pollutants, 2020.

Environmental exposures

Drinking water regulations

Monitors violations of drinking water safety standards.

CDPHE Water Quality Control Division’s safe water information finder tool, 2013-2023.

Environmental exposures

Lead exposure Risk

Indicates population exposure to lead, especially in housing.

American Community Survey, 2018-2022, Table B25034 (Year structure built).

Environmental exposures

Noise

Exposure to harmful noise levels.

National Park Service, 2013-2015 dataset.

Environmental exposures

Other air pollutants

Concentrations of pollutants other than ozone or particulate matter.

Air Pollutant Emission Notices, 2019-2023, Colorado Air Pollution Control Division.

Environmental exposures

Fine particle pollution (PM2.5)

Measures of fine particulate matter linked to respiratory and cardiovascular problems.

2021 Community Multiscale Air Quality model data.

Environmental exposures

Traffic proximity and volume

Measure of population exposure to traffic-related pollution.

Via EPA EJScreen, July 2024 update; U.S. Department of Transportation, 2020.

Environmental Effects

Impaired streams and rivers

Water bodies impaired by pollutants.

CDPHE, Water Quality Control Division, 2000 - 2023

Environmental effects

Proximity to hazardous waste sites

Indicates how close communities are to hazardous waste facilities.

Via EPA EJScreen, July 2024 update; EPA RCRAInfo database, 2024.

Environmental effects

Proximity to mining locations

Indicates population proximity to mining areas and associated risks.

Colorado Division of Reclamation, Mining, and Safety.

Environmental effects

Proximity to national priorities List sites

Identifies proximity to federally recognized hazardous waste sites (Superfund).

Via EPA EJScreen, July 2024 update; EPA Superfund National Priorities List boundaries, 2024.

Environmental effects

Proximity to oil and gas

Proximity to oil and gas extraction sites associated with air and water pollution.

Energy and Carbon Management Commission.

Environmental effects

Proximity to risk management plan sites

Proximity to facilities regulated for accidental chemical releases under the Clean Air Act.

Via EPA EJScreen, July 2024 update; EPA Risk Management Plan database, 2024.

Environmental effects

Wastewater discharge indicator

Represents exposure to wastewater discharges containing pollutants.

Via EPA EJScreen, July 2024 update; EPA Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators, 2021.

Climate vulnerability

Drought

Measures prolonged dry periods impacting water resources.

U.S. Drought Monitor, 2019–2023.

Climate vulnerability

Extreme heat days

Monitors days with extreme heat that affect health, especially vulnerable populations.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Environmental Public Health Tracking, 2020–2023.

Climate vulnerability

Floodplains

Identifies areas at risk for flooding.

Federal Emergency Management Agency.

Climate vulnerability

Wildfire risk

Measures risk from wildfire exposure.

U.S. Forest Service, 2023.

Sensitive populations

Asthma hospitalization rate

The rate of hospitalizations due to asthma.

Colorado Hospital Association

Sensitive populations

Cancer prevalence

Prevalence of cancer in the population.

Centers for Disease Control PLACES, 2024 release.

Sensitive populations

Diabetes prevalence

Prevalence of diabetes in the population.

Centers for Disease Control PLACES, 2024 release.

Sensitive populations

Heart disease prevalence

Prevalence of heart disease in the population.

Centers for Disease Control PLACES, 2024 release.

Sensitive populations

Mental health indicator

Measures poor mental health prevalence in the population.

Centers for Disease Control PLACES, 2024 release.

Sensitive populations

Cancer mortality data

Tracks mortality from cancer.

CDPHE, 2018–2022.

Sensitive populations

Diabetes mortality data

Tracks mortality from diabetes.

CDPHE, 2018–2022.

Sensitive populations

Heart disease mortality data

Tracks mortality from heart disease.

CDPHE, 2018–2022.

Sensitive populations

Life expectancy

Tracks average life expectancy.

Centers for Disease Control, 2010-2015.

Sensitive populations

Low birth weight

Tracks percentage of low birth weight in newborns.

CDPHE, 2018–2022.

Sensitive populations

Population over 64

The population count of those over 64 years old.

American Community Survey, 2018–2022.

Demographics

Population under five

The population count of those under five years old.

American Community Survey, 2018–2022.

Demographics

Housing cost-burdened

Percentage of households spending more than 30% of their income on housing.

American Community Survey, 2018–2022.

Demographics

Percent disability

Percentage of the population with a disability.

American Community Survey, 2018–2022.

Demographics

Percent less than high school education

Percentage of population with less than a high school education.

American Community Survey, 2018–2022.

Demographics

Percent linguistic isolation

Percentage of population where no adults speak English fluently.

American Community Survey, 2018–2022.

Demographics

Percent low income

Percentage of the population earning less than 200% of the federal poverty level.

American Community Survey, 2018–2022.

Demographics

Percent people of color

Percentage of non-white populations.

American Community Survey, 2018–2022.

 

Limitations

The tool relies on data from other sources, meaning that some may be a few years old or collected at different times. 

The data is available at various geographic levels—some information is for counties, while others are for neighborhoods or smaller areas. This variation can affect how precisely the tool can assess environmental and health risks in specific locations.

It does not include all possible environmental and health topics. Some important factors may be missing because reliable data is not available. Even though the tool includes 35 different indicators, it doesn’t cover every potential risk to public health or the environment.

The tool is designed to point out areas with potential environmental health burdens but does not establish a direct link between those risks and specific health impacts. While the tool identifies areas with multiple vulnerabilities, it does not evaluate how these exposures might combine to affect health outcomes.

It does not include areas with zero residential population, as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau, in the final scores. The tool analyzes data for entire communities rather than individual homes or buildings, preventing it from assessing personal or household exposure. 

The tool also does not define specific thresholds for what makes an environment “safe” or “unsafe,” so it cannot definitively declare any area healthy or unhealthy.