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Molluscum contagiosum

What is Molluscum contagiosum?

Molluscum contagiosum is a mild skin disease similar to warts which is caused by a pox virus. It is characterized by small, pearly, flesh-colored bumps with a tiny, hard, central depression that may be itchy. 

Signs and symptoms

  • Two to 20 discrete flesh-colored papules
  • Lesions on adults are usually found on the lower abdomen, pubis, and inner thigh
  • Lesions on children are usually on the trunk, face, and arms
  • Occasionally the lesions may appear linearly due to patient scratching

Incubation period

Ranges from 2-7 weeks and may take as long as 6 months

Molluscum contagiosum

Contagious period and spread

  • The virus is spread from person-to-person through direct and indirect physical contact. Direct contact may be either through play, rough housing, touching, or sexual contact. Indirect contact is when the lesions (virus) come in contact with towels, toys, or clothing, and another person uses those items prior to cleaning.
  • It is not known how long a person is infectious. However, it is presumed to be as long as the lesions are present.

Public health reporting requirements

  • Report the infection to the facility director or school nurse. 
  • Report the infection to the local or state health department only if two or more cases are identified within seven days.

Control of spread

  • Encourage frequent and proper handwashing.
  • Avoid scratching the lesions, as this can spread the virus to another site or allow bacteria to enter. 
  • Make sure all lesions are covered by clothing. If lesions are not covered by clothing, make sure to cover with a water-tight bandage. Lesions normally covered by underwear/diaper may need to be covered if the child requires assistance toileting.
  • All infected individuals should not participate in contact sports as long as the lesions are present. 
  • Activities that use shared gear should be avoided unless the lesions can be covered.
  • Avoid swimming unless the lesions can be covered with a water-tight bandage.
  • Do not share items such as hair brushes, unwashed clothes, soap, and towels.
  • If the lesions are in the pubic area, avoid sexual contact until seen by a health care provider.
  • Consult with local or state public health for help with implementation of control measures.

Treatment

There is generally no treatment required as the lesions usually go away on their own within six months. However, resolution may take up to four years. A health care provider may also treat the lesions by physically removing or destroying the lesions or prescribing oral or topical medicines. 

Exclusion

Exclusion is not necessary.

Role of teachers, caregivers, and family

  • Use and encourage regular hand hygiene.
  • Do not let children pick or scratch bumps.